1. Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan Technological Univ., Houghton, MI 49931 (corresponding author).
2. Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA 24061.
3. Montague-Betts Professor of Structural Steel Design, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA 24061.