1. Benedum Distinguished Teaching Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, West Virginia Univ., Morgantown, WV 26506-6103 (corresponding author).
2. Structural Engineer, Rummel, Klepper and Kahl Engineers, Baltimore, MD 21127.
3. Research Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, West Virginia Univ., Morgantown, WV 26506-6103.