1. Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, The City College of the City Univ. of New York, New York, NY 10031 (corresponding author).
2. Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, The City College of the City Univ. of New York, New York, NY 10031.
3. Director, Bridge Safety and Evaluation Services Bureau, New York State Dept. of Transportation, Albany, NY.
4. Formerly, Ph.D. Student, The City College of the City Univ. of New York, New York, NY 10031.