1. Professor, Dept. of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji Univ., Shanghai 200092, China.
2. Ph.D. Candidate, China Railway First Survey & Design Institute Group Co., Ltd., No. 2 Xiying Rd., Shaanxi, Xi’an, 710043, China (corresponding author).
3. Professor, Shanghai Tunnel Engineering Co., Ltd., No. 118 Dalian Rd., Shanghai 200082, China.