1. Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, California State Univ. Los Angeles, 5151 State University Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90032 (corresponding author).
2. Duke Energy Distinguished Professor and Director, Global Institute for Energy and Environmental Systems (GIEES), CARC 238, Univ. of North Carolina Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, NC 28223-0001.