1. Richard A. Easterlin, a Fellow of the American Academy since 1978, is professor of economics at the University of Southern California. He is past president of the Population Association of America and of the Economic History Association. His writings include “Population, Labor Force, and Long Swings in Economic Growth: The American Experience” (1968), “Birth and Fortune: The Impact of Numbers on Personal Welfare” (1980), and “Growth Triumphant: The 21st Century in Historical Perspective” (1996).