1. William M. Sullivan is a Senior Scholar at the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, where he works on the Preparation for the Professions Program. Coauthor of “Habits of the Heart: Individualism and Commitment in American Life” (1985), Sullivan is currently investigating the links between professional preparation and liberal education. This essay draws on ideas in his “Work and Integrity: The Crisis and Promise of Professionalism in America” (second edition, 2004).