1. Amer, Mildred, "Black Members of the United States Congress: 1789 -2001," Congressional Research Service Report for Congress, July 12, 2001.
2. Bositis, David, "The Future of Majority-Minority Districts and Black and Hispanic Legislative Representation," in David Bositis, ed., Redistricting and Minority Representation (Lanham, MD: University Press of America, Inc., 1998).