1. Ake, Claude, Democracy and Development in Africa (Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 1996).
2. Alesina, Alberto, "Political Models of Macroeconomic Policy and Fiscal Reforms," in Stephen Haggard and Steven Webb, eds. Voting for Reform: Democracy, Political Liberalization, and Economic Adjustment (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1994).
3. Alesina, Alberto, Reza Baqir, and William Easterly, "Public Goods and Ethnic Divisions," Harvard University and World Bank mimeo, March 1997.
4. Political instability and economic growth