Modeling Language Variation and Universals: A Survey on Typological Linguistics for Natural Language Processing

Author:

Ponti Edoardo Maria1,O’Horan Helen1,Berzak Yevgeni2,Vulić Ivan1,Reichart Roi3,Poibeau Thierry4,Shutova Ekaterina5,Korhonen Anna1

Affiliation:

1. LTL, University of Cambridge.

2. Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT.

3. Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Management, Technion – IIT.

4. LATTICE Lab, CNRS, ENS/PSL, Universite Sorbonne nouvelle/USPC.

5. ILLC, University of Amsterdam.

Abstract

Linguistic typology aims to capture structural and semantic variation across the world’s languages. A large-scale typology could provide excellent guidance for multilingual Natural Language Processing (NLP), particularly for languages that suffer from the lack of human labeled resources. We present an extensive literature survey on the use of typological information in the development of NLP techniques. Our survey demonstrates that to date, the use of information in existing typological databases has resulted in consistent but modest improvements in system performance. We show that this is due to both intrinsic limitations of databases (in terms of coverage and feature granularity) and under-utilization of the typological features included in them. We advocate for a new approach that adapts the broad and discrete nature of typological categories to the contextual and continuous nature of machine learning algorithms used in contemporary NLP. In particular, we suggest that such an approach could be facilitated by recent developments in data-driven induction of typological knowledge.

Publisher

MIT Press - Journals

Subject

Artificial Intelligence,Computer Science Applications,Linguistics and Language,Language and Linguistics

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