Abstract
AbstractHardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) is the state of the genotypic frequency of two alleles of one autosomal gene locus after one discrete generation of random mating in an indefinitely large population: if the alleles areAandawith frequenciespandq(=1-p), then the equilibrium gene frequencies are simplypandqand the equilibrium genotypic frequencies forAA,Aaandaaarep2, 2pqandq2. It was independently identified in 1908 by G. H. Hardy and W. Weinberg after earlier attempts by W. E. Castle and K. Pearson. Weinberg, well known for pioneering studies of twins, made many important contributions to genetics, especially human genetics. Existence of this equilibrium provides a reference point against which the effects of selection, linkage, mutation, inbreeding and chance can be detected and estimated. Its discovery marked the initiation of population genetics.
Publisher
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Subject
Genetics(clinical),Obstetrics and Gynaecology,Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health
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