Pattern Symmetries of the Chaco Phenomenon

Abstract

This study describes the symmetrical structure of hatched patterns in two ceramic types, Gallup Black-on-white and Chaco Black-on-white, made and used during the heyday of the Chaco network, A. D. 1050-1150. This design system represents a discontinuity in pattern, pattern formation, and structural symmetry from the previous decorative styles in the region. It consists of a limited repertoire of patterns formed by the continuous-line construction technique organized by a limited number of two-dimensional symmetries. These patterns are repeatedly painted on three specific vessel forms found especially in burials and storage rooms at Pueblo Bonito. Identical patterns from this Bonito repertoire are found at other great houses and small sites in great house communities throughout the San Juan Basin. The widespread distribution of this uniform design system is new evidence for the existence of institutionalized sociopolitical ties between Pueblo Bonito and the other great houses and small sites in the Chaco network. The implications of the homogeneous nature of this system and its sudden appearance without precedent will be addressed.