High-Risk Localized Prostate Cancer: Integrating Chemotherapy

Abstract

Abstract Learning Objectives After completing this course, the reader will be able to:Discuss the importance of prostate cancer to public health.Describe the evolving role of systemic treatment in managing high-risk and metastatic disease and discuss the factors that predict for high-risk local disease.Explain the importance of multimodality input in managing high-risk prostate cancer. Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 hour of AMA PRA category 1 credit at CME.TheOncologist.com Docetaxel (Taxotere®; Aventis Pharmaceuticals Inc., Bridgewater, NJ, http://www.aventispharma-us.com) is the first agent to significantly extend survival in hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Because agents active in advanced cancers tend to be beneficial in earlier stage disease, docetaxel is now to be assessed, along with hormonal therapy, in the adjuvant setting among patients whose localized prostate cancer has features that put them at particular risk for recurrence and cancer-specific mortality. Data from a pilot study suggest that neo-adjuvant treatment with docetaxel may be appropriate for selected high-risk patients and that such treatment can be undertaken without increasing surgical morbidity. Gene-expression profiling of tissue before and after docetaxel treatment is providing further insight into its effects. A randomized trial, conducted by the Cancer and Leukemia Group B, will evaluate neoadjuvant docetaxel in high-risk patients, whereby patients will be randomized to either immediate radical prostatectomy or surgery preceded by hormonal therapy plus docetaxel. Another large randomized trial will be evaluating the effect of adjuvant hormonal therapy with or without docetaxel in high-risk men after radical prostatectomy.