Time Sequence of Measurement Affects Blood Pressure Level in an African American Cohort

Abstract

INTRODUCTION Uncontrolled hypertension can result in severe clinical conditions such as stroke, chronic kidney disease and congestive heart failure, especially in African American populations. To the knowledge of the authors, the effect of time sequence on blood pressure (BP) using an Automated Office Blood Pressure (AOBP) device has not been documented in an African American cohort. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible influence of time sequence of measurement (pre- and post-physician visit) on BP readings in an African American cohort, in the presence or absence of a Medical Assistant (MA) via AOBP monitoring. METHODS A two-phase, single-blinded, non-randomized trial was conducted at MI-based Ascension Providence Hospital with a convenience sample of hypertensive patients. BP readings were taken using both an Omron 907 (Omron Corp., Kyoto, Japan) and a Welch Allyn (WA) Connex Spot Monitor (Welch Allyn, Inc., Skaneateles Falls, NY) AOBP devices. Descriptive statistics were generated, and T-tests were performed. RESULTS In Phase 1, (N = 148), the mean systolic/diastolic readings for the pre-physician visits (141/82 mmHg) were statistically significantly higher than the post-visit readings (134/80 mmHg) (p ≤ 0.02). Post-visit physician readings from either AOBP device did not differ statistically (p = 0.72). In Phase 2 (n = 50), the presence of an MA resulted in significantly higher readings than when an MA was absent, however, the results of Phase 2 also supported the trends for lower BP post-physician visit found in Phase 1. CONCLUSION Based on the consistency of these results, a post-physician visit AOBP reading, in the presence or absence of an MA, may provide a more accurate BP measurement to determine whether or not to treat hypertension in African American patients.