Lipid Profiling of Peri-implantation Endometrium in Patients With Premature Progesterone Rise in the Late Follicular Phase

Abstract

Abstract Context Late follicular phase elevation in serum progesterone (P) during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation negatively affects the outcome of assisted reproductive technology by contributing to endometrial-embryo asynchrony. There are still no data on lipid metabolite alterations during this process. Objectives To investigate alterations in the lipid profile during the window of implantation in patients with premature P rise. Design Lipidomic variations in the endometrium were evaluated by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry. Setting University assisted reproductive medicine unit. Patients or Other Participants Forty-three patients undergoing in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection because of a tubal factor or male factor infertility were included in this study. The patients were divided into a high P group (P ≥ 1.5 ng/mL, 15 patients) and a normal P group (P < 1.5 ng/mL, 28 patients) on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin administration. Interventions The endometrial tissues were obtained by Pipelle biopsy 7 days after human chorionic gonadotropin administration. Main Outcome Measures Alterations in lipid metabolites. Results A total of 1026 ions were identified, and 25 lipids were significantly upregulated. The endometrial lipid profile was characterized by substantial increases in the concentrations of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylcholine, diacylglycerol, ceramide, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylserine in patients with a premature P rise at the end of the follicular phase. The correlation analysis between P levels and lipids showed a stronger negative correlation between phosphatidylethanolamine or phosphatidylserine and P levels. Conclusions Premature P elevation disrupts the lipid homeostasis of the endometrium during the peri-implantation period. The altered lipid levels may impair endometrial receptivity and early embryo implantation.