Association of Dip in eGFR With Clinical Outcomes in Unilateral Primary Aldosteronism Patients After Adrenalectomy

Abstract

Abstract Context Primary aldosteronism (PA) leads to kidney function deterioration after treatment, but the effects of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) dip following adrenalectomy and its long-term implications are unclear. Objective This study aims to examine eGFR dip in patients with unilateral PA (uPA) after adrenalectomy and clarify their long-term prognosis. Methods This multicenter prospective population-based cohort study, enrolled patients with uPA who underwent adrenalectomy. Patients were divided into 4 groups based on their eGFR dip ratio. Outcomes investigated included mortality, cardiovascular composite events, and major adverse kidney events (MAKEs). Results Among 445 enrolled patients, those with an eGFR dip ratio worse than −30% (n = 74, 16.6%) were older, had higher blood pressure, higher aldosterone concentration, and lower serum potassium levels. During 5.0 ± 3.6 years of follow-up, 2.9% died, 14.6% had cardiovascular composite events, and 17.3% had MAKEs. The group with eGFR dip worse than −30% had a higher risk of MAKEs (P < .001), but no significant differences in mortality (P = .295) or new-onset cardiovascular composite outcomes (P = .373) were found. Multivariate analysis revealed that patients with an eGFR dip ratio worse than −30% were significantly associated with older age (odds ratio [OR], 1.04), preoperative eGFR (OR, 1.02), hypokalemia (OR, 0.45), preoperative systolic blood pressure (OR, 1.03), and plasma aldosterone concentration (OR, 0.99). Conclusion Within 5 years post adrenalectomy, 17.3% of patients had reduced kidney function. Notably, individuals with an eGFR dip ratio worse than −30% faced higher MAKE risks, underscoring the need to monitor kidney function in PA patients after surgery.