Eating After Acute Psychosocial Stress in Healthy Men and Women: Sex Differences and Endocrine Mechanisms

Author:

Degroote Cathy1ORCID,Renner Britta2,Wickl Julia1,Leven Anika1,Wirtz Petra H13ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Biological Work and Health Psychology, University of Konstanz , 78457 Konstanz , Germany

2. Psychological Assessment and Health Psychology, University of Konstanz , 78457 Konstanz , Germany

3. Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz , 78457 Konstanz , Germany

Abstract

Abstract Context Overweight and obesity have become a major health burden with a higher prevalence of obesity in women than in men. Mental stress has been discussed to play a role in this context. Objective We investigated endocrine mechanisms underlying eating after acute psychosocial stress and potential sex differences therein. Methods A total of 32 male and 31 female healthy participants underwent the Trier Social Stress Test before they tasted ice cream in a bogus taste test 15 minutes after stress. We repeatedly assessed the stress hormone cortisol and the satiety hormone cholecystokinin (CCK) in saliva as well as perceived hunger before and up to 1 hour after stress. Results Lower immediate total cortisol stress reactivity predicted higher hunger (Ps ≤ .004), but was not associated with food intake (Ps ≥ .90) or total CCK release (Ps ≥ .84). As compared to men, women ate less after stress (Ps < .001) and had consistently lower levels of hunger (Ps ≤ .024) and cortisol (Ps ≤ .008) as well as a lower immediate total cortisol stress reactivity (Ps = .002). Further, they differed in the kinetics of CCK over the total experimental procedure (Ps ≤ .011), in immediate reaction to stress (Ps ≤ .038), and after eating (Ps ≤ .072), with women’s CCK levels continuously decreasing while men’s CCK levels were reactive. Conclusion We found evidence for lower immediate total cortisol stress reactivity relating to higher perceived hunger, with lower cortisol levels in women. Unlike in men, CCK levels in women were not reactive to acute stress and eating and decreased continuously. Our results may suggest a higher risk for stress-induced eating in women.

Funder

German Research Foundation

Germany’s Excellence Strategy

Publisher

The Endocrine Society

Subject

Biochemistry (medical),Clinical Biochemistry,Endocrinology,Biochemistry,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

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