Affiliation:
1. Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre , 6200 MD, Maastricht , the Netherlands
2. Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, MERLN, Maastricht University Medical Centre , 6200 MD, Maastricht , the Netherlands
Abstract
Abstract
Context
Long-term weight loss (WL) maintenance is the biggest challenge for overweight and obesity because of the almost unavoidable phenomenon of partial or even total weight regain (WR) after WL.
Objective
In the present study we investigated the relations of (the changes of) adipocyte size and other risk biomarkers with WR during the follow-up of the Yoyo dietary intervention.
Methods
In this randomized controlled study, 48 overweight/obese participants underwent a very-low-calorie diet to lose weight, followed by a weight-stable period of 4 weeks and a follow-up period of 9 months. Anthropometric measurements, adipocyte volume of abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue, and plasma metabolic parameters (free fatty acids [FFAs], triglycerides [TGs], total cholesterol, glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR], interleukin 6 [IL-6], angiotensin-converting enzyme [ACE] activity, retinol binding protein 4 [RBP4]) at the beginning and the end of follow-up were analyzed.
Results
Our results show that changes of TGs, IL-6, HOMA-IR, and ACE are significantly positively correlated with WR. Multiple linear regression analysis shows that only TG and IL-6 changes remained significantly correlated with WR and increased body fat mass. Moreover, the change in HOMA-IR was tightly correlated with the change in TGs. Surprisingly, change in adipocyte volume during follow-up was not correlated with WR nor with other factors, but positive correlations between adipocyte volume and HOMA-IR were found at the beginning and end of the follow-up.
Conclusion
These results suggest that TGs and IL-6 are independently linked to WR via separate mechanisms, and that HOMA-IR and adipocyte volume may indirectly link to WR through the change of plasma TGs.
Funder
Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research
China Scholarship Council
Subject
Biochemistry (medical),Clinical Biochemistry,Endocrinology,Biochemistry,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Reference64 articles.
1. The role of low-calorie diets and intermittent fasting in the treatment of obesity and type-2 diabetes;Zubrzycki;J Physiol Pharmacol.,2018
2. Weight loss and improvement in comorbidity: differences at 5%, 10%, 15%, and over;Ryan;Curr Obes Rep.,2017
3. Effects of weight loss, weight cycling, and weight loss maintenance on diabetes incidence and change in cardiometabolic traits in the Diabetes Prevention Program;Delahanty;Diabetes Care.,2014
4. Human biology of weight maintenance after weight loss;Mariman;J Nutrigenet Nutrigenomics.,2012
5. Mechanisms of weight regain after weight loss—the role of adipose tissue;van Baak;Nat Rev Endocrinol.,2019