Affiliation:
1. Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland , 70211 Kuopio , Finland
2. Department of Internal Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital , 70211 Kuopio , Finland
Abstract
Abstract
Context
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a specific microvascular complication in patients with diabetes and the leading cause of blindness. Recent advances in omics, especially metabolomics, offer the possibility identifying novel potential biomarkers for DR.
Objective
The aim was to identify metabolites associated with DR.
Methods
We performed a 12-year follow-up study including 1349 participants with type 2 diabetes (1021 without DR, 328 with DR) selected from the METSIM cohort. Individuals who had retinopathy before the baseline study were excluded (n = 63). The diagnosis of retinopathy was based on fundus photography examination. We performed nontargeted metabolomics profiling to identify metabolites.
Results
We found 17 metabolites significantly associated with incident DR after adjustment for confounding factors. Among amino acids, N-lactoyl isoleucine, N-lactoyl valine, N-lactoyl tyrosine, N-lactoyl phenylalanine, N-(2-furoyl) glycine, and 5-hydroxylysine were associated with an increased risk of DR, and citrulline with a decreased risk of DR. Among the fatty acids N,N,N-trimethyl-5-aminovalerate was associated with an increased risk of DR, and myristoleate (14:1n5), palmitoleate (16:1n7), and 5-dodecenoate (12:1n7) with a decreased risk of DR. Sphingomyelin (d18:2/24:2), a sphingolipid, was significantly associated with a decreased risk of DR. Carboxylic acid maleate and organic compounds 3-hydroxypyridine sulfate, 4-vinylphenol sulfate, 4-ethylcatechol sulfate, and dimethyl sulfone were significantly associated with an increased risk of DR.
Conclusion
Our study is the first large population-based longitudinal study to identify metabolites for DR. We found multiple metabolites associated with an increased and decreased risk for DR from several different metabolic pathways.
Funder
Academy of Finland
National Institute of Heath
Sigrid Juselius Foundation
Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research
Kuopio University Hospital
Centre of Excellence of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases
Subject
Biochemistry (medical),Clinical Biochemistry,Endocrinology,Biochemistry,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Cited by
1 articles.
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