Affiliation:
1. Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
2. Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
3. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
Abstract
Abstract
Context
Mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS) affects up to 50% of patients with adrenal adenomas. Frailty is a syndrome characterized by the loss of physiological reserves and an increase in vulnerability, and it serves as a marker of declining health.
Objective
To compare frailty in patients with MACS versus patients with nonfunctioning adrenal tumors (NFAT).
Design
Retrospective study, 2003-2018
Setting
Referral center
Patients
Patients >20 years of age with adrenal adenoma and MACS (1 mg overnight dexamethasone suppression (DST) of 1.9-5 µg/dL) and NFAT (DST <1.9 µg/dL).
Main outcome measure
Frailty index (range 0-1), calculated using a 47-variable deficit model.
Results
Patients with MACS (n = 168) demonstrated a higher age-, sex-, and body mass index–adjusted prevalence of hypertension (71% vs 60%), cardiac arrhythmias (50% vs 40%), and chronic kidney disease (25% vs 17%), but a lower prevalence of asthma (5% vs 14%) than patients with NFAT (n = 275). Patients with MACS reported more symptoms of weakness (21% vs 11%), falls (7% vs 2%), and sleep difficulty (26% vs 15%) as compared with NFAT. Age-, sex- and BMI-adjusted frailty index was higher in patients with MACS vs patients with NFAT (0.17 vs 0.15; P = 0.009). Using a frailty index cutoff of 0.25, 24% of patients with MACS were frail, versus 18% of patients with NFAT (P = 0.028).
Conclusion
Patients with MACS exhibit a greater burden of comorbid conditions, adverse symptoms, and frailty than patients with NFAT. Future prospective studies are needed to further characterize frailty, examine its responsiveness to adrenalectomy, and assess its influence on health outcomes in patients with MACS.
Funder
James A. Ruppe Career Development Award in Endocrinology
Mayo Clinic
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
National Institutes of Health
Subject
Biochemistry (medical),Clinical Biochemistry,Endocrinology,Biochemistry,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Cited by
20 articles.
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