1. Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9WU , United Kingdom
2. The Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , Manchester M20 4BX , United Kingdom
3. Cardiovascular Trials Unit, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust , Manchester M13 9WL , United Kingdom
4. Department of Surgery, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust , Salford M6 8HD , United Kingdom
5. Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Medicine, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust , Salford M6 8HD , United Kingdom
6. Weill-Cornell Medicine-Qatar , Doha 24144 , Qatar