Unexpected Plasma Gonadal Steroid and Prolactin Levels Across the Mouse Estrous Cycle

Author:

Wall Ellen G1,Desai Reena2,Khant Aung Zin3,Yeo Shel Hwa1,Grattan David R3ORCID,Handelsman David J2,Herbison Allan E1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 3EG , UK

2. ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2139 , Australia

3. Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences , Dunedin 9014 , New Zealand

Abstract

AbstractDespite the importance of the mouse in biomedical research, the levels of circulating gonadal steroids across the estrous cycle are not established with any temporal precision. Using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, now considered the gold standard for steroid hormone analysis, we aimed to generate a detailed profile of gonadal steroid levels across the estrous cycle of C57BL/6J mice. For reference, luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin concentrations were measured in the same samples by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Terminal blood samples were collected at 8-hour intervals (10 Am, 6 Pm, 2 Am) throughout the 4 stages of the estrous cycle. As expected, the LH surge was detected at 6 Pm on proestrus with a mean (±SEM) concentration of 11 ± 3 ng/mL and occurred coincident with the peak in progesterone levels (22 ± 4 ng/mL). Surprisingly, estradiol concentrations peaked at 10 Am on diestrus (51 ± 8 pg/mL), with levels on proestrus 6 Pm reaching only two-thirds of this value (31 ± 5 pg/mL). We also observed a proestrus peak in prolactin concentrations (132.5 ± 17 ng/mL) that occurred earlier than expected at 2 Am. Estrone and androstenedione levels were often close to the limit of detection (LOD) and showed no consistent changes across the estrous cycle. Testosterone levels were rarely above the LOD (0.01 ng/mL). These observations provide the first detailed assessment of fluctuating gonadal steroid and reproductive hormone levels across the mouse estrous cycle and indicate that species differences exist between mice and other spontaneously ovulating species.

Funder

Welcome Trust

Vice Chancellor's and Newnham College Scholarship

NHMRC

Publisher

The Endocrine Society

Subject

Endocrinology

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