A Case of Ovarian Hyperthecosis in a Postmenopausal Woman

Abstract

Abstract We report a case of a 55-year-old postmenopausal woman who presented with symptoms of fatigue, male pattern hair loss, and hirsutism over 3 years. Investigations showed elevated total testosterone levels of 5.0 nmol/L (1.44 ng/mL; range, 0.3-3.1 nmol/L) using Beckman-Unicel-DXI-800 immunoassay. Testosterone levels were repeated by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and were found to be elevated at 7.3 nmol/L (2.10 ng/mL). Estradiol was detectable and free androgen index was elevated. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels and androstenedione were within normal range, suggesting a nonadrenal source. Computed tomography scan of the abdomen showed no evidence of adrenal or adnexal tumor. GnRH analog stimulation test led to reduction of gonadotrophins and normalization of testosterone within 4 weeks. She had a biopsy of a cranial hair follicle, which showed androgenic alopecia. These investigations confirmed an ovarian source of androgens. Subsequently, she underwent bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Histological study of gonadal tissue confirmed the diagnosis of ovarian hyperthecosis. Four weeks after oophorectomy, her testosterone levels normalized and clinical symptoms improved. Ovarian hyperthecosis is a rare cause of hyperandrogenism in postmenopausal women and can pose a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Careful history and physical examination along with critical analysis of biochemistry and imaging studies is crucial for correct diagnosis.