Thyroid Hormone Replacement for Central Hypothyroidism: A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Two Doses of Thyroxine (T4) with a Combination of T4 and Triiodothyronine

Abstract

Abstract Background: Dosage of T4 in central hypothyroidism is primarily guided by the free serum T4 level (fT4). However, the optimum fT4 range is ill defined, and subtle hypothyroidism might be missed using this approach. Objectives: Our aim was to investigate the effects of a body weight (bw)-adapted T4 treatment, alone or in combination with T3, on metabolism, well-being, and cognitive function in comparison to a regimen leading to normal fT4. Design: This was a placebo-controlled trial (double-blind, crossover). Patients: A total of 29 patients (age 52 ± 2 yr; females/males, 8/21) with hypopituitarism, including TSH deficiency, participated in the study. Interventions: Three regimens were compared (5 wk each): “EMPIRICAL-T4,” empirical T4 dosage (1 ± 0.05 μg/kg bw) leading to normal fT4; BW-ADAPTED-T4 (1.6 μg/kg bw T4); and “BW-ADAPTED-T3T4,” bw-adapted combination of T3 and T4 (ratio of 1:10). Results: BW-ADAPTED-T4 administration increased mean fT4 concentrations to the upper limit of the normal range (peak levels). Compared with EMPIRICAL-T4, BW-ADAPTED-T4 treatment resulted in a lower body mass index (BMI) (29.0 ± 0.7 vs. 29.5 ± 0.7 kg/m2; P < 0.03), lower total cholesterol (198 ± 9 vs. 226 ± 7 mg/dl; P < 0.01), and lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (116 ± 5 vs. 135 ± 7 mg/dl; P < 0.01). BW-ADAPTED-T3T4 treatment was associated with additional beneficial effects on ankle reflex time and working memory but resulted in supraphysiological free serum T3 (fT3) levels. Limitations: Long-term side effects may have been missed. Conclusions: Using a dose of 1.6 μg/kg bw improved markers commonly associated with central hypothyroidism. This suggests that T4 dosage based on bw and aiming at fT4 in the upper reference range is superior to titration of T4 aiming at middle normal fT4 concentrations in those patients.