Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators Accelerate Cutaneous Wound Healing in Ovariectomized Female Mice

Abstract

A lack of systemic hormones in elderly postmenopausal women leads to delayed cutaneous wound healing. This effect can be reversed by systemic or topical estrogen replacement in both humans and rodent models. Over recent years selective estrogen receptor modulators have been developed in an attempt to achieve the beneficial effects of estrogen clinically, while minimizing the detrimental side effects. The effects of selective estrogen receptor modulators on the skin are poorly understood, and the effects on wound healing have not been assessed. In this study we treated 10-wk-old ovariectomized mice with estradiol, tamoxifen (TAM), raloxifene (RAL), or vehicle and examined the effect on healing of full-thickness incisional wounds. Both TAM and RAL substantially accelerate healing, associated with a dampened inflammatory response and altered inflammatory cytokine profile. In vitro TAM and RAL demonstrate antiinflammatory activity comparable to estrogen. These results have significant implications for the clinical modulation of wound healing.