Rapid Nongenomic Effects of 3,5,3′-Triiodo-l-Thyronine on the Intracellular pH of L-6 Myoblasts Are Mediated by Intracellular Calcium Mobilization and Kinase Pathways

Abstract

Abstractl-T3 and l-T4 activated the Na+/H+ exchanger of L-6 myoblasts, with a fast nongenomic mechanism, both in the steady state and when cells undergo acid loading with ammonium chloride. Monitored with the intracellular pH-sensitive fluorescent probe 2′,7′-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein, activation of the exchanger appeared to be initiated at the plasma membrane, because T3-agarose reproduced the effect of l-T3, and triiodothyroacetic acid, a hormone analog previously shown to inhibit membrane actions of thyroid hormone, blocked the action of l-T3 on the exchanger. We show here for the first time that transduction of the hormone signal in this nongenomic response requires tyrosine kinase-dependent phospholipase C activation and two different signaling pathways: 1) mobilization of intracellular calcium, assessed by the fluorescent probe fura-2, through activation of inositol trisphosphate receptors and without contributions from extracellular calcium or ryanodine receptors; and 2) protein phosphorylation involving protein kinase C and MAPK (ERK1/2), as shown by the use of kinase inhibitors and by immunoblotting for activated kinases.