Fasciolous invasion as a sanitary and hygienic threat to the population and animal husbandry in the subjects of the Caspian region of Russia

Abstract

Introduction. WHO considers human fascioliasis to be a global epidemic threat of a parasitic nature. Materials and methods. The studies were carried out using methods of in vivo diagnostics used in medical and veterinary parasitology (the method of successive washings of feces; the Fülleborn method or the flotation-sedimentation method by Demidov) in relation to samples of feces and soils. In total, in six subjects of Russia to study the spread of fascioliasis in animals in the conditions of slaughterhouses, there were examine the liver in 1800 heads of slaughter sheep, 700 heads of goats, 1000 heads of cows and only 6000 soil samples for the detection of Fasciola hepatica eggs. In 2011–2019, medical services of 6 subjects of the Caspian region in 21 settlements carried out scatological diagnostics of the population aged 8 to 65 years, in the amount of 25 thousand people, to clarify the incidence of human fascioliasis. The results of the studies were statistically processed according to the method of N.A. Plokhinsky using the software Microsoft Excel 2008. The occurrence index – the percentage of individuals or eggs of F. hepatica in relation to the total number of examined objects – was based on monitoring and analysis of reports from regional divisions of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor) and the Department of Veterinary Medicine of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia for 2011–2019. Results. Coproovoscopy of 25 thousand samples of faeces for the presence of eggs of the pathogen of fascioliasis, taken from the population of 21 cities of the Caspian region of the Russian Federation, revealed their absence. The trend in the index of occurrence of goat fascioliasis in 2011–2019. had an annual growth trend of 0.03%; in sheep by 0.06%; in cattle by 0.05%, which also characterizes the lack of control measures. In 6 Republics of the Caspian region, the indices of occurrence and abundance of fascioliasis in goats, sheep and cows increased by 2–2.5 times, which indicates the threat of invasion to the development of livestock industries. Soil samples taken for research were contaminated with invasive elements of Fasciola hepatica in 100% of cases. Conclusion. The occurrence and abundance indices of F. hepatica eggs were found to be 0, which indicates epidemic well-being in relation to zoonosis. Research conducted indicate to the gain in the incidence index of fascioliasis in goats, sheep, and cows. The 100% contamination of the territories of rural pastures and remote mountain pastures with invasive elements of Fasciola hepatica is a biological and sanitary-hygienic threat to livestock and the population of the Caspian region of Russia.