Problems of developing methodological approaches and recommendations for substantiating hygienic standards of chemicals in soil

Abstract

Hygienic rationing of chemicals in the soil is an important and integral part of monitoring the condition of the soil. The article is devoted to the problems of creating a draft of new methodological recommendations, which reflects modern approaches to the regulation of chemicals in the soil. In the course of work on improving the document, a range of necessary issues has been identified. It is recommended to include additional evaluation criteria in the methodology of standardization of chemicals in the soil, taking into account the agreed physico-chemical analysis and determination of the toxicity of substances. To ensure chemical safety, it is shown to be advisable to use three types of analysis: review for the identification of components, multi-purpose screening for confirmation and semi-quantitative evaluation of the object of analysis and quantitative evaluation using a validated procedure. The draft document addresses the issues of rationing, taking into account the functional zoning of territories. According the sections of the “Methodological recommendations on the hygienic justification of the MPC of chemicals in the soil”, analytical work was carried out to update current trends in the areas of the issues raised. The paper considers the current principles of rationing the content of chemical elements in soils, which have many specific features. The analysis of normative and methodological documents, including international ones, regulating methods of research of chemicals in soil, their transformation, migration, methods of biotesting and bioindication of soils. Based on the results of the work, it can be concluded that for urban soils belonging to different functional zones, it is necessary to apply different estimated indicators for substantiating the MPC of pollutants in the soil. Russian studies on the establishment of normative values for assessing soil quality can be interpreted in the context of international approaches to the assessment of territories.