State of central and peripheral conducting structures in patients with vibration disease, burdened with metabolic syndrome

Abstract

Introduction. Vibration disease (VD) is associated with an imbalance of endocrine regulation, the development of metabolic syndrome (MS), which leads to the development of neurological complications. One of the reasons is microcirculation disorders that involve the CNS and peripheral nerves in the pathological process. The aim of the study is to provide a comprehensive assessment of the state of peripheral nerves and afferent pathways in workers with VD, and patients with VD, burdened with MS. Material and methods. We examined: 41 patients with VD associated with combined local and general vibration (group 1), group 2 - patients with VD burdened with MS (29 people), control (group 3) - 33 people. Check somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) and electroneuromyography was performed on the NCS system «Neuro-EMG-Micro», «Neurosoft». Results. In group 2, violations of the central afferent pathways at the level of the cervical spine and the somatosensory cortex were detected, expressed in an increase in the latency period of components P25 and N30 and the duration of the interval N11-N13. When testing the motor and sensory components of peripheral nerves, patients with VD, burdened with MS, were found to have a more pronounced decrease in SPI for the sensory and motor components of the tibial nerve, and increased residual latency. Discussion. Changes in the central nervous system and peripheral nerves in MS are aggravated by the impact of vibration - changes in carbohydrate, protein, and enzymatic metabolism, triggering processes that lead to polyneuropathy. Exposure to vibration generates chronic stress (external factor MS) associated with activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system and the development of insulin resistance. Conclusion. In group 2, there was an increase in moderate autonomous-sensory polyneuropathy of the hands and feet and peripheral angio-dystonic syndrome of the hands. Violations in the state of the central afferent pathways at the level of the cervical spine and cortical structures of the somatosensory cortex were detected. Exposure to vibration and MS leads to an aggravation of demyelination of sensory and motor axons of peripheral nerves, expressed in the legs.