Dynamics of morphological and functional characteristics in Yakut youths over 20 years

Abstract

Introduction. Since the end of the last century, changes in society have reflected on the morphophysiological status of the indigenous population of Yakutia. The work investigated the dynamics of the physical constitution and functional indicators of the circulatory system in young Yakuts, students of the North-Eastern Federal University, over the past two decades. Material and methods. The study involved young men 18-21 years old: 54 born - in 1998-99 and 63 in 2019, anthropometric studies were conducted, and physical development and body type were assessed. Hemodynamic parameters heart rate and blood pressure were determined: Results. The determination of body mass index (BMI) revealed a high degree of discrepancy between bodyweight and height in students of this century. In 1998-99, the normal BMI value was found in 85.2%, above the norm - in 7.4% of the examined. While in 2019, normal BMI values are observed in 58.7%, in 36.5% - above the norm, including 9.5% - 1-2 degree obesity. In 2019, the distribution of students by somatotype changed: along with a decrease in normosthenics by 14.5% and asthenics by 13.2%, the number of hypersthenics increased by 36.5%. Analysis of hemodynamic parameters depending on the type of constitution revealed significantly higher blood pressure (BP.) values in hypersthenics compared to normostenics and asthenics. Over the 20-year period of observation, students had a significant increase in the values of systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, and the greatest increase was noted in students with hypersthenic constitution. Conclusions. The revealed shifts of anthropometric indices in modern Yakut students, compared with the young men of 1998-99, indicate an increase in the prevalence of overweight and the development of a constitution according to the hypersthenic type. Against the background of body hypersthenization, the adaptive capabilities of the circulatory system decrease.