On the hygienic rating of silicon compounds in drinking water (literature review)

Abstract

Introduction. Silicon is a unique element in its physicochemical properties, almost ubiquitous in water supply sources but is not normalized in drinking water in the world practice of ensuring the harmlessness of water use of the population. In our country, the half-century history of the development of hygienic silicon standards in the water began with the justification of the MPC of silicon-containing reagents used in water treatment. However, over time, doubts have arisen about the suitability of manufactured silicon standards for controlling natural silicon in drinking water. Proponents of the harmlessness of natural soluble forms of silicon advocated the elimination of silicon standards in water. In contrast, researchers of the action of silicon in silicon biogeochemical provinces have constantly revealed its adverse effects on the health of the population living in these regions, confirming this with animal experiments. methods. Literature search methods on Scopus, CyberLeninka, PubMed databases: selective, analytical-synthetic, typological. the main part. The review provides information on soluble forms of silicon, their stability and bioavailability, examines the retrospective and current state of hygienic rationing of silicon in water, discusses the shortcomings of the currently existing MPC of silicon, sodium and potassium silicates in drinking water. A detailed review of studies carried out in the silicon biogeochemical provinces of Chuvashia is given, where the inhabitants of the ecological disaster zone, who consumed drinking water with a profound imbalance of macro-and microelements and a high silicon content relative to the optimum area, observed various metabolic disorders (mineral, lipid, carbohydrate, peroxide), changes in microbiocenosis of the large intestine and immune status, an increase in the incidence rate of the adult population with chronic non-infectious diseases by 2-3 times against the national average, the highest incidence rates in children of all age groups. Conclusions. The review draws attention to the need for expanded studies of the effect on the body of natural silicon in drinking water with the usual balance of trace elements to resolve issues about the standards for natural silicon at the federal and regional levels and to establish differentiated standards for silicon-containing reagents in drinking water.