On occupational diseases in medical workers in the Republic of Bashkortostan

Abstract

Introduction. The work of medical workers belongs to the most complex, responsible types of human activity. It is associated with the impact of a complex of adverse factors: chemical, biological, physical, the severity and intensity of labour. Due to the high occupational risk, the problem of the formation and preservation of the health of medical workers is urgent. The aim of the work is to determine the dynamic characteristics of occupational morbidity and its structure among medical workers of the Republic of Bashkortostan for 2013-2020. Materials and methods. The occupational morbidity rate among medical workers during 2013-2020 was studied with the materials of the professional centre of the Republic: a notification on the establishment of a final diagnosis of chronic occupational disease and a consolidated annual report on the activities of central occupational pathology. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the «Statistika 8» application software package. Results. The average annual incidence of occupational morbidity is 0.92±0.12 cases per 10 thousand health workers. They occupied an average of 7.0% of all occupational diseases established over the years in the Republic. The incidence rate tends to decrease. Among occupational patients of health workers, 73.9% are nurses, 15.3% are healthcare staff, 10.8% are doctors. Allergic diseases dominate the nosological structure of occupational diseases. They make up 63.3% of the total pathology, half of which is in bronchial asthma. Discussion. In medical workers, infection occurs through direct contact with a sick patient or biological material. Allergic responses occur to the presence of drugs and disinfectants. Occupational disease tuberculosis was diagnosed at the age of 43.3±6.4 years and experience of 16.6 years; hepatitis at the age of 38.2 years and experience 15.0 years; bronchial asthma - at the age of 49.4 years and an experience of 26.4 years; allergic reactions - at the age of 47.6±6.3 years and the experience of 25.8±3.7 years. Conclusion. There were identified features in incidence and its structure among doctors and paramedical workers. The basis of the concept of prevention of occupational diseases among health workers should be a system of primary prevention measures to reduce the impact of adverse factors of the working environment and the labour process, maintaining occupational and general health.