Actual aspects of digitalization in hygiene: theory and practice

Abstract

Scopes and complexity of tasks related to providing hygienic safety of the population in the Russian Federation create great demand for up-to-date digitalization. It involves transformation of analogue data and work processes into electronic format, automation of business processes and operational data analysis. The aim of this study was to describe basic scientific approaches and methodical techniques of digitalization in solving hygienic tasks of current importance. The study involved using neural networks, mathematical modelling, operational structural and dynamic analysis, etc. As part of domestic hygienic science, the method of neural networks has been developed for situational modelling and forecasting the population life expectancy under the influence of a complex of heterogeneous factors. We developed methodology for analysis and parameterization of epidemic waves considering regional specificity. Science-intensive research is being conducted to build a digital model of a person as a tool for in siliko simulation of the body’s responses to any external influences. The results of cellular, subcellular, and molecular technologies are being actively translated into digital formats for the purposes of sanitary-epidemiological analysis, clinical epidemiology, and evidence-based medicine. To solve practical hygienic problems, a new conceptual scheme of the cascade system “control and surveillance activities – habitat – public health” has been proposed. It makes possible to assess prevented health losses and economic damages. A conceptual scheme has been developed for incorporating forms of remote control into the general system of automation sanitary service activities. There are described methods and techniques for solving a set of other hygienic problems, including the formation of an evidence base for the negative impact of risk factors on public health, digital processing of research data, identification of pollutants using computer vision methods, and a number of others. Conclusion. Digitalization that involves use of multi-dimensional big data together with up-to-date methods for their science intensive analysis ensures the most prompt and adequate solutions to relevant hygienic issues, allows more accurate predictions and provides wider opportunities for effective prevention activities performed by institutions responsible for hygienic safety and population health in the country.