Obesity paradox in patients with cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus type 2 (analytical review)

Abstract

Obesity and overweight are severe problems in modern life. Research, clinical guidelines, and reviews present obesity as an adverse prognostic factor for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. However, there is growing evidence that an increased body mass index can be a prognostically favorable factor for some conditions. A lot of such works are related to diseases for which increased body weight is the most significant risk factor. This phenomenon has been called the “obesity paradox”. Although many studies show this paradox, there are no specific pathogenic mechanisms that could confirm this phenomenon. The research leaves more questions than answers. This review contains their analysis in the following nosologies: arterial hypertension, coronary artery disease, heart failure, diabetes mellitus type 2. The objectives of this study are to identify problems with existing research and find ways to explain the obesity paradox. A literature search was carried out on the databases of PubMed. To assess the problems of modern research, clinical studies were analyzed. To find the causes of this paradox, literature reviews were examined. The obesity paradox has been confirmed in heart failure.