Anthroponutriciology: anthropology for hygienic objectivization of the state of physical development of the population under the impact of the nutritional factor (literature review)

Abstract

Anthroponutriciology combines areas related to the influence of actual nutrition and genetic characteristics on nutritional status, including anthropometric indicators and biochemical data on the provision of the body with nutrients, indicators of physical development and health status. The form of research is the implementation of a systematic review, analysis and synthesis of research papers devoted to methods for determining the human somatotype, morphological and topographic features of the body and the dynamics of physical development indicators depending on the somatotype, the search for anthroponutritiological markers of alimentary-dependent diseases published over the period 2002-2022 in domestic and foreign electronic databases. The Federal State Budgetary Institution “Federal Research Center for Nutrition and Biotechnology” has developed methodological recommendations for conducting anthroponutrition studies using classical methods of complex anthropometry. The interrelation of anthropometric indicators and metabolic features, individual psychological characteristics was proved: significant correlations between the features of physical status, physical activity were revealed; some anatomical and topographic features of internal organs, neurovascular bundles in representatives of various somatotypes are noted. In patients of different age groups, there were identified biomarkers indicating a predisposition to alimentary obesity of varying degrees and/or anorexia. For women of the mesosomal constitution, obesity of the I degree is characteristic, for the megalosomal II-III. Belonging to the asthenic, stenoplastic, pycnic and subathletic somatotype for women indicates the risk of overweight and metabolic syndrome, for men the muscular somatotype serves as such a risk factor. Nutritional correction provides a pronounced clinical effect for mature and elderly males with an abdominal-muscular somatotype; for women with a picnic somatotype, the correction was significantly higher than in cases with a euryplastic one. The anthroponutrition approach can serve as a tool for hygienic objectification of the state of physical development of the population and its relationship with the impact of alimentary factors, it allows to determine the predisposition to the formation and development of one or another nosological form.