The incidence of tuberculosis and HIV-infection among adult population in Russia

Abstract

Introduction. Assessment of dynamics of the overall incidence of both tuberculosis and HIV-infection, without a detailed analysis of its distribution by age, is insufficient to understand the current trends and their forecast from the standpoint of achieving WHO and UNAIDS targets in relation to the elimination of tuberculosis (2035) and HIV-infection (2030). The purpose of the study: to study the age characteristics of the incidence of tuberculosis and HIV-infection in the adult population of Russia in dynamics for 2010-2019. Material and methods: retrospective analysis of the incidence of tuberculosis and HIV-infection, and its age structure for 2010-2019. Results: In Russia, in 2010-2019, the incidence of tuberculosis in the adult population (≥ 18 years) has been steadily decreasing. However, analysis of its distribution by age showed that among young groups (25-44 years) its level was higher and reached the maximum value of 84.6 per 100000 of population in the group of 35-44 years. In recent years, an increase in the incidence of HIV-infection was observed in Russia, and its highest values were recorded among patients from young age groups (25-44 years). Limitations of the study. The analysis of the incidence of tuberculosis and HIV infection in the adult population of Russia was carried out both in general for the entire population and in individual age groups for the period from 2010 to 2019, which seemed sufficient to effectively achieve this goal. Discussion: Retention of high incidence of tuberculosis and an increase in the incidence of HIV-infection among patients aged 25-44 is largely due to widespread prevalence of tuberculosis among patients with HIV-infection. Today in Russia every fourth patient with tuberculosis, both newly diagnosed and among the contingents with TB, is a patient with HIV-infection with manifestations of tuberculosis. Conclusion: In Russia over the past 10 years, an increase in the number of newly diagnosed HIV-infected patients with TB manifestations, which are included in the structure of both the incidence of HIV infection and TB, has led to an increase in the incidence of HIV infection and a slowdown in the rate of decline in the incidence of TB among young age groups.