Liberalizing and harmful interventions in international trade: case of Poland

Abstract

Motivation: As there is a need to track and analysis — with its practical implications — the responsibility for actions affecting international trade, therefore exploration of trade interventions implemented by Poland has its justification. Aim: The aim of the paper is to reveal direction, scale and dynamics of both liberalizing and harmful interventions in international trade implemented by Poland. The goal to achieve is to answer crucial question: to what extent, EU protectionism is shaped by EU bodies only — and to what extent by Poland by itself. Results: An analysis reveals both country-specific direction of interventions as well as country-specific sectors affected by liberalizing and harmful interventions. Although part of all interventions is those of EU bodies, Poland uses for instance state aid to stimulate national businesses as not all kinds of state aid are forbidden by EU law (types listed on not so short list in Article 107 of TFEU). Thus, as member states differ in their economic interests, one can observe differentiation in state interventions in scope of international trade.