Effect of sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors on lipid metabolism in patients with diabetes mellitus (literature review)

Abstract

EFFECT OF SODIUM-DEPENDENT GLUCOSE COTRANSPORTER TYPE 2 INHIBITORS ON LIPID METABOLISM IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS (literature review) Nataliia I. Levchuk, Olena I. Kovzun, Volodymyr M. Pushkarev, Mykola D. Tronko State Institution «V. P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», Vyshgorodska Str., 69, Kyiv 04114, Ukraine Resume. With diabetes, the metabolism, composition and ratio of lipids changes significantly. Lipids are important biological molecules that play an essential structural and physiological role in the homeostasis of the body. They are considered the main metabolic substrates that accumulate and produce a large amount of energy necessary for cellular activity. However, their normal metabolism is altered in the diabetic environment and diabetes may contribute to the development of dyslipidemia-dependent complications such as cardiovascular and renal disease. Therefore, normalization of lipid metabolism in diabetes is important to reduce the level of detrimental byproducts, and to prevent cell damage and diabetic complications caused by dyslipidemia. Numerous data have been obtained, which indicate that inhibitors of sodium-glucose cotransporters of the 2nd type have an effect not only on the level of glucose, but also on the content of lipids in the blood. The results of a clinical study demonstrated that canagliflozin, dapgliflozin, empagliflozin increased the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and decreased the level of triglycerides and total cholesterol in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Inhibitors of sodium-glucose cotransporters of the 2nd type have a significant effect on lipolysis and lipogenesis. The proven influence of inhibitors of sodium-glucose cotransporters of the 2nd type on cholesterol homeostasis, on the absorption and utilization of fatty acids, on lipid peroxidation, on the absorption and transport of lipids, on obesity, on the accumulation of fat in the liver and other tissues. Inhibitors of sodium-glucose cotransporters of the 2nd type effectively induce weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, diabetes patients with uncontrolled weight should consider taking inhibitors of sodium-glucose cotransporters of the 2nd type. Thus, inhibitors of sodium-glucose cotransporters of the 2nd type can affect the level of lipid metabolism indicators. In the vast majority of works, changes in their content are associated with a reduction in the risk of serious cardiovascular complications and the number of hospitalizations due to heart failure. However, the mechanisms of influence of the above-mentioned compounds on indicators of lipid metabolism require further thorough study. Key words: inhibitors of sodium-glucose cotransporters of the 2 type, type 2 diabetes, lipid metabolism, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, lipid peroxidation.