A 50-YEAR REVIEW ON THE PREVALENCE OF CLINICAL DISEASES AND DISORDERS OF CATTLE IN BANGLADESH

Abstract

Background: The 25.7 million cattle populations in Bangladesh which is endangered by different diseases and disorders that are associated with significant socio-economic losses to the smallholder farmers and even in modern dairy farms. More than 100 articles on the retrospective evaluation of clinical case records have been published during the last 50 years from 1968 to 2018 in Bangladesh and their compilation and evaluation would help to understand the predominant diseases associated with morbidity and mortality. Objectives: To analyze and evaluate the 50-year data on the prevalence of clinical diseases and disorders of cattle to identify the predominant and priority ailments for their prevention and control. Materials and Methods: Data obtained from all the available 118 articles published on clinical cases of cattle during the last 50 years in Bangladesh were analyzed to detect their status on bovine health. Results: Out of 137 different types of clinical cases recorded during the last 50 years, of which, calves affected with 27 (19.71%), adult cattle with 76 (55.47%) and both calves and adult cattle with 34 (24.82%) types of diseases and disorders. The highly statistical significant (p < 0001) percentage of clinical cases of cattle required medicinal treatment (81.19%) in comparison to surgical (10.03%) and gynaeco-obstetrical (GO; 08.78%) intervention. Results revealed that the parasitic diseases (fascioliasis 66.16%, humpsore 22.35%, gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodiasis 17.44%, ascariasis 12.17%, tick infestation 15.71%) and GI disorders (anorexia 14.90%, indigestion 6.15%) were highly prevalent as clinical cases in comparison to infectious diseases (anthrax 0.21%, BQ 0.92% and HS 0.45%) except FMD (10.13%) and mastitis (6.46%). Anestrus (3.04%), retained placenta (2.73%), repeat breeding (2.73%) and pyometra (2.12%) were recorded as major gynaeco-obstetrical problems, whereas umbilical myiasis (10.11%), lameness (4.25%) and abscess (1.15%) that mainly required surgical interventions. Conclusions: The analysis of 50-year published reports on clinical cases of cattle gives an overall comprehensive idea about the disease problems that would help to formulate the devices for their prevention and control. Keywords: Prevalence, Clinical diseases and disorders, 50-year review, Calf diseases, Adult cattle diseases, Medicinal cases, Gynaeco-obstetrical cases, Surgical cases