Evaluation of Early Diagnosis via Some Blood Parameters in Alzheimer Type Dementia and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Abstract

Aim: Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease with cognitive loss, which does not have a curative treatment and a bloodbased biomarker to make a definitive diagnosis. There is a strong relationship between Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Neutrophil-lymphocyte, platelet-lymphocyte and monocyte-lymphocyte ratios are recommended parameters as inflammation markers. It was aimed to compare blood parameters and their ratios to each other in terms of their potential to provide early diagnosis in patients with Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Material and Methods: 80 healthy controls, 47 type 2 diabetes mellitus and 45 Alzheimer's type dementia patients were included in this study. Various blood parameters and their ratios to each other were scanned. One way ANOVA and post hoc Scheffe tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: Serum iron levels were lower in type 2 diabetes mellitus (53.21±29.28 μg/dL) and Alzheimer’s disease (61.26±21.69 μg/dL) groups compared to the control (76.96±30.99 μg/dL) (p=0.001). Lymphocyte numbers were lower in type 2 diabetes mellitus (1.94±0.79 count.10³) and Alzheimer’s disease (1.84±0.68 count.10³) groups compared to the control (2.25±1.03 count.10³) (p=0.032). Monocytelymphocyte ratio were significantly higher in type 2 diabetes mellitus (0.3±0.18) and Alzheimer’s disease (0.28±0.11) groups compared to the control (0.24±0.1) (p=0.039). Conclusion: The high monocyte-lymphocyte ratio can be considered as an indicator of systemic inflammation in Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In conclusion, serum iron levels, lymphocyte numbers and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio as inflammation markers can be useful for the early diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer’s disease