Qualitative Analysis of the Overhand Throw by Undergraduates in Education Using a Distance Learning Computer Program

Abstract

The purpose was to (a) examine whether computer-based distance learning could enhance the qualitative analysis skills (error detection in the overhand throw) of undergraduates in education and (b) examine the effectiveness of several methods of information presentation (video file and text) on distance learning. Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups, to detect errors in an incorrect throwing motion of a model on the computer screen. Group 1 ( n = 13) was the control; Group 2 ( n = 13) viewed a video of the appropriate throwing mechanics; Group 3 ( n = 13) viewed text information describing the appropriate mechanics of the overhand throw; and Group 4 ( n = 16) received a combination of video and text information. On Day 1 participants took a pretest. Treatment and testing occurred on Days 2 through 8. Then 5 days later participants took a retention test. One-way analysis of variance confirmed no significant differences between groups at Pretest (Day 1). An analysis of variance with repeated measures indicated learning over practice. Paired-sample t tests between Days 1 and 8 showed the video plus text group without significant change.