An Empirical Account of Temperature Biofeedback Applied in Groups

Abstract

The threefold purpose of this study was: (1) to determine whether hand-temperature biofeedback could be used in groups, (2) to investigate the role of the biofeedback therapist in a group setting, and (3) to determine to what extent, if any, group cohesion developed as a result of biofeedback and verbal reinforcement. Three groups of volunteer subjects were tested. Group A served as a control, Group B received feedback only, and Group C received feedback plus verbal reinforcement. Five people in each group met once weekly for six consecutive weeks. Hand temperature, seating arrangements, frequency of group leaders-to-member reinforcement, and frequency of member-to-member reinforcement were recorded throughout. Analysis indicated biofeedback of hand temperature can be done in groups. Verbal reinforcement from a live therapist (group leader) facilitated biofeedback training, and group cohesion developed readily under conditions of feedback and/or verbal reinforcement. The results were discussed in terms of their relevance to current clinical practice and research.