Closure Difficulty, Figure-Size Expansion, and Figure-Size Constriction on 240 Graham-Kendall Memory-for-Designs Records

Abstract

To determine the frequency of occurrence of closure difficulty, figure-size expansion, and figure-size constriction, 240 university students were administered the Graham-Kendall Memory-For-Designs test. Subjects were volunteers enrolled in undergraduate psychology courses and were between 18 and 23 yr. of age, male or female, and U.S. citizens. The purpose was to define a sampling of drawing styles exhibited in a normal group on this test. Each drawing style, or factor, was treated as an independent variable, and the frequency of occurrence of each level (dependent variable) was compared via chi square. It was noted that a significant number of subjects exhibited some degree of closure difficulty with the designs (χ2 => 101.72, p < .01). Figure-size expansion was noted as extremely rare for this sample (χ2 = 444.78, p < .01). Finally, extreme figure-size constriction occurred significantly more often than either moderate or no constriction of the designs (χ2 = 62.58, p < .01).