Field-Dependence and Extraversion: Univariate or Multivariate Research Orientation

Abstract

Field-dependence and extraversion have been considered by Eysenck (1967, 1983) to be similar, if not identical, dimensions, whereas Fine (1972a, 1972b, 1983) has found them to be independent, but frequently to interact in a nonlinear fashion. Regardless of who is correct, both viewpoints lead to the expectation that researchers in either area should be concerned with results of research in the other. The expectation was found to be false. On the assumption that Eysenck and Witkin would be cited as “key” references for extraversion and field-dependence, respectively, 2722 journal articles published during calendar years 1986–1990, in which either Eysenck or Witkin was cited at least once, were examined. In only 27 instances (1%) were both key sources cited in the same article. The question is raised as to why so many researchers within each of these important research areas persist with a univariate approach.