Composition and Orientation Effects on Group Cohesion

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of homogeneous composition and orientation upon the development of cohesion in growth groups. Eight groups, each composed of seven members, were homogeneously composed on the basis of inclusion need using Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation-Behavior. Members were graduate students enrolled in a group procedures course in counseling psychology. Two high-inclusion, two high-moderate, two low-moderate, and two low-inclusion groups were formed. One group from each of these levels was then randomly selected to receive either a cohesion or general-orientation message. Cohesion was measured by a questionnaire developed by Yalom and was assessed at three intervals. Results indicated that the two low-moderate inclusion groups surpassed the other groups in the development of cohesion; most work toward the establishment of cohesion was completed by Session 15 or mid-way period; and the effects of orientation were negligible.