Personal Names as a Psychological Variable

Abstract

This article reviewed the empirically based research on given names in several areas. The preferences for personal names were discussed in terms of variables such as the frequency of occurrence of the name and characteristics of the preferee such as sex, age, race, and religion. Liking of one's own names was related to some variables, including self-esteem. Unusual names apparently do have some effect, often a negative one. Personal names tend to have certain stereotypes associated with age, intelligence, attractiveness, and other dimensions. These stereotypes may in turn yield positive or negative consequences; however, their influence may be limited by other variables. The research on self-presentation by means of personal names and titles was also discussed. Additional topics covered included the effects of nicknames, sexually ambiguous or misleading names, being named for another person, and alphabetical position of surname.