Affiliation:
1. School of Environmental and Forest Sciences University of Washington Seattle WA
2. Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship Colorado State University Fort Collins CO
3. Department of Geography University of Colorado–Boulder Boulder CO
4. Washington Department of Natural Resources Olympia WA
5. Ecological Research Institute Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ
Abstract
Over the past several decades, forests worldwide have experienced increases in biotic disturbances caused by insects and plant pathogens – a trend that is expected to continue with climate warming. Whereas the causes and effects of individual biotic disturbances are well studied, spatiotemporal interactions among multiple biotic disturbances are less so, despite their importance to ecosystem function and resilience. Here, we highlight an emerging phenomenon of “hotspots” of biotic disturbances (that is, two or more biotic disturbances that overlap in space and time), documenting trends in recent decades in temperate conifer forests of the western US. We also explore potential mechanisms behind and effects of biotic disturbance hotspots, with particular focus on how altered post‐disturbance recovery (successional pathways) can have profound consequences for ecosystem resilience and biodiversity conservation. Finally, we propose research directions that can elucidate drivers of biotic disturbance hotspots and their ecological effects at various spatial scales, and provide insight into this new knowledge frontier.
Subject
Ecology,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics