Gallium complex K6 inhibits colorectal cancer by increasing ROS levels to induce DNA damage and enhance phosphatase and tensin homolog activity

Author:

Li Wei12,Yang Chuanyu1,Cheng Zhuo12,Wu Yuanyuan3,Zhou Sihan3,Qi Xiaowei4,Zhang Yi4,Hu Jinhui5,Xie Mingjin3,Chen Ceshi167

Affiliation:

1. Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China

2. Kunming College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy Sciences Kunming China

3. School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University Kunming China

4. Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery Southwest Hospital The First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Military Medical University Chongqing China

5. The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha China

6. Academy of Biomedical Engineering Kunming Medical University Kunming China

7. The Third Affiliated Hospital Kunming Medical University Kunming China

Abstract

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. In the clinical realm, platinum‐based drugs hold an important role in the chemotherapy of CRC. Nonetheless, a multitude of patients, due to tumor protein 53 (TP53) gene mutations, experience the emergence of drug resistance. This phenomenon gravely impairs the effectiveness of therapy and long‐term prognosis. Gallium, a metallic element akin to iron, has been reported that has the potential to be used to develop new metal anticancer drugs. In this study, we screened and established the gallium complex K6 as a potent antitumor agent in both in vitro and in vivo. K6 exhibited superior efficacy in impeding the growth, proliferation, and viability of CRC cells carrying TP53 mutations compared to oxaliplatin. Mechanistically, K6 escalated reactive oxygen species levels and led deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage. Furthermore, K6 effectively suppressed the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB)/glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) pathway, leading to the degradation of its downstream effectors myelocytomatosis (c‐Myc) and Krueppel‐like factor 5 (KLF5). Conversely, K6 diminished the protein expression of WW domain‐containing protein 1 (WWP1) while activating phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) through c‐Myc degradation. This dual action further demonstrated the potential of K6 as a promising therapeutic compound for TP53‐mutated CRC.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Publisher

Wiley

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