Heteroditopic NHC Ligand Supported Manganese(I) Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Activity as Non‐bifunctional Phosphine‐Free Catalyst for the α‐Alkylation of Nitriles

Abstract

AbstractIn the present work, several manganese(I) complexes of chelating heteroditopic ligands Mn1–3, featuring ImNHC (imidazol‐2‐ylidene) connected to a 1,2,3‐triazole‐N or tzNHC (1,2,3‐triazol‐5‐ylidene) donors via a methylene spacer, with possible modifications at the triazole backbone have been synthesized and completely characterized. Notably, the CO stretching frequencies, electrochemical analysis, and frontier orbital analysis certainly suggest that the chelating ImNHC‐tzNHC ligands have stronger donation capabilities than the related ImNHC‐Ntz ligand in the synthesized complexes. Moreover, these well‐defined phosphine‐free Mn(I)−NHC complexes have been found to be effective non‐bifunctional catalysts for the α‐alkylation of nitriles using alcohols and importantly, the catalyst Mn1 containing ImNHC connected to a weaker triazole‐N donor displayed higher activity compared to Mn2/Mn3 containing an unsymmetrical bis‐carbene donors (ImNHC and tzNHC). A wide range of aryl nitriles were coupled with diverse (hetero)aromatic as well as aliphatic alcohols to get the corresponding products in good to excellent yields (32 examples, up to 95 % yield). The detailed mechanistic studies including deuterium labelling experiments reveal that the reaction follows a Borrowing Hydrogen pathway.