Mechanistic Insights into the Discharge Processes of Li−CO2 Batteries

Abstract

AbstractLi−CO2 batteries facilitate renewable energy storage in a cost‐effective, eco‐friendly manner. However, an inadequate understanding of their reaction mechanism severely impedes their development. Here we outline recent mechanistic advances in the discharge processes of Li−CO2 batteries, particularly in terms of the theoretical aspect. First, the vital factors affecting the formation of discharge intermediates are highlighted, and a surface lithiation mechanism predominantly applicable to catalysts with weak CO2 adsorption is proposed. Subsequently, the modeling of the chemical potential of Li++e−, which is crucial for the evaluation of the theoretical limiting voltage, is detailed. Finally, challenges and future directions pertaining to the further development of Li−CO2 are discussed. In essence, this concept article seeks to inspire future experimental and theoretical studies in advancing the development of Li−CO2 electrochemical technology.